Direct knowledge of a planet's interior remains elusive due to limited access beyond surface-level observations. This project aims to investigate planetary compositions and…
Project Area of Study: Earth
Direct knowledge of a planet's interior remains elusive due to limited access beyond surface-level observations. This project aims to investigate planetary compositions and structures by examining the…
Microorganisms living in the deep sea (>200 m water depth) have the potential to play important roles in shaping global chemistry and climate by producing and consuming greenhouse gases and cycling…
Fractured rocks play central role in a wide variety of environmental fields including hydrogeology, geothermal energy, hydrocarbon extraction, and long-term storage of toxic waste. In these and other…
Unlike the surface currents that have been extensively studied thanks to satellite observations, the oceanic deep circulation is poorly known. I n the tropics, observational cruises have revealed the…
One of the most important tasks of earthquake seismology is to predict the intensity of shaking in large earthquakes. With that, engineers have the information needed to design earthquake-resistant…
The Earth was extensively molten in the first 100 million years after its formation. In that span of time, it acquired much of its present-day structure: the metallic core segregated and sank towards…
Geoscientists and engineers use mineral and glass dissolution rates to quantify waterrock interactions and make predictions about groundwater chemistry, energy systems and environmentally contaminated…
Since the Industrial Revolution, nearly 90% of the excess heat trapped by greenhouse gasses and around half of the carbon released by humans have entered the ocean. Knowing where and for how long this…
Oxygen first appeared in the Earth’s atmosphere approximately two billion years ago, during the “Great Oxygenation Event”, setting the stage for the evolution of increasingly complex life. Shortly…
How do abyssal waters get back to the surface? This question has puzzled oceanographers for years. At Stanford, we developed a theory according to which equatorially trapped waves1 propagate down into…