Direct knowledge of a planet's interior remains elusive due to limited access beyond surface-level observations. This project aims to investigate planetary compositions and…
Earth
Microorganisms living in the deep sea (>200 m water depth) have the potential to play important roles in shaping global chemistry and…
Fractured rocks play central role in a wide variety of environmental fields including hydrogeology, geothermal energy, hydrocarbon…
Unlike the surface currents that have been extensively studied thanks to satellite observations, the oceanic deep circulation is poorly…
One of the most important tasks of earthquake seismology is to predict the intensity of shaking in large earthquakes. With that, engineers have the information needed to…
The Earth was extensively molten in the first 100 million years after its formation. In that span of time, it acquired much of its present-day structure: the metallic core…
Geoscientists and engineers use mineral and glass dissolution rates to quantify waterrock interactions and make predictions about groundwater chemistry, energy systems and…
Since the Industrial Revolution, nearly 90% of the excess heat trapped by greenhouse gasses and around half of the carbon released by humans have entered the ocean. Knowing…
Oxygen first appeared in the Earth’s atmosphere approximately two billion years ago, during the “Great Oxygenation Event”, setting the stage for the…
How do abyssal waters get back to the surface? This question has puzzled oceanographers for years. At Stanford, we developed a theory according to which equatorially trapped…